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Christmas Tree Spread
The simultaneous purchase and writing of options with either a different strike price or expi ration date or combination of the two.
Classifier Systems
In artificial intelligence, these systems perform a type of machine learning that generates rules from examples.
Clone Fund
A smaller version of a retail mutual fund, it is offered as a subaccount in a variable annuity. The daily price of a clone fund is different among variable annuities that carry it because each clone fund starts on a different date and with a base price of $10.
Closed-End Funds
A mutual fund that does not sell unlimited shares; one with a specific number of outstanding shares.
Closed Trades
Positions that have been either liquidated or offset.
Clustering
Locating the presence of groups of vectors that are similar in some fashion.
CME
The Chicago Mercantile Exchange.
Coefficient
A constant used to multiply another quantity or series; as in 3 xand ax, 3 and a are coefficients ofx.
Coefficient of Determination
R-squared. The proportion of the variation in the data explained by the model.
Coincidence
In Gann theory, a projected reversal point.
Colinear
see Multicolinearity.
Combined Forecast
The weighted average of two or more forecasts.
Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC)
A commission that oversees the commodity exchanges in the US.
Comparative Relative Strength
Compares the price movement of a stock with that of its competitors, industry group or the entire market. This is distinct from J. Welles Wilder's Relative Strength Index, which compares current price movement to previous price movement of the same instrument.
Comparitor
A device of some kind that compares two inputs.
Compounding
The payment, through interest, based on the sum of the original principal amount and its accrued interest.
Confidence Factor
A measure of the degree of likelihood that a rule is correct, which may reflect the percentage of times that it has proven to be correct in the past or just a subjective measure of our confidence in its degree of reliability.
Confidence Level
The degree of assurance that a specified failure rate is not exceeded.
Confirmation
Indication that at least two indices, in the case of Dow theory the industrials and the transportation, corroborate a market trend or a turning point.
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ADA
Block-structured programming language developed under the guidance of the U.S. Department of Defense to provide a medium for writing real-time, concurrent applications, for facilitating program verification.
Adaptive Filter
Smoothing and/or forecasting prices with continuously updated weighting of past prices.
Advance-Decline Line
Each day's number of declining issues is subtracted from the number of advancing issues. The net difference is added to a running sum if the difference is positive or subtracted from the running sum if the difference is negative.
Adverse Excursion
The loss attributable to price movement against the position in any one trade.
AKA
An acronym for "automated knowledge acquisition." Refers to the use of programs to create knowledge needed by other programs (usually expert systems).
Alpha
Premium that an investment portfolio earns above a given point of reference; a measure of stock performance independent of the market.
American Depository Receipts (ADRs)
Certificates that are issued by a bank of US origin and traded in the U.S. as domestic shares. The certificates represent the foreign securities that the bank holds in that security's country of origin.
Amortization
Accounting method in which an asset's cost is spread out.
Analysis of Variance
(Anova) The partitioning of total sum of squares into the sum of squares explained by the model and the remaining sum of squares unexplained.
Anaume
Candlestick formation. An exceptional exhaustion pattern (meaning "gap filling") composed of five candles. The anaume occurs when the gap is filled in after a market price has changed directions. This pattern coupled with the other patterns indicate a strong potential for a bullish reversal and price advance.
Anchoring-and-Adjustment
Behavioral finance. The tendency to evaluate current decisions in the context of past events.
Andrews Method
A technique whereby a technician will pick an extreme low or high to use as a pivot point and draw a line, called the median line, from this point that bisects a line drawn through the next corrective phase that occurs after the pivot point. Lines parallel to the median line are drawn through the high and low points of the corrective phase. The parallel lines define the resistance and support levels for the price channel.
Annealing (Simulated)
Generally a metallurgical process, in artificial intelligence a process in which a neural net work searches for a set of weights to minimize errors; the search constantly shrinks as the weights find better values, analogous to the rearrangement of the molecules in a heated metal bar as the bar cools.
Annual Earnings Change
(%) The historical earnings change between the most recently reported fiscal year earn ings and the preceding.
Annual Net Profit Margin
(%) The percentage that the company earned from gross sales for the most recently reported fiscal year.
Annual Sales Change
(%) The percentage change in sales between the most recently reported fiscal year and the preceding.
Annualized
Translating the figures for a given year into an annual rate.
Antithetic Forecasts
Two forecasts whose errors are negatively correlated.
Arbitrage
The simultaneous purchase and sale of two different, but closely related, securities to take advantage of a disparity in their prices.
ARIMA
See AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average
ARMAX (AutoRegressive Moving Average eXogenous variables model)
The combination of fundamental variables outside the particular market that correlates with the independent variable added with the ARMA modeling of the remaining residuals.
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